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Objective: To study the chemical composition from the leaves of Panax japonicus var. major. Methods: Column chromatographies (including macroporous resin, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS) and semi-preparative HPLC were used to separate the constituents. The structures were elucidated by the analysis of spectral data and chemical properties. Results: Three compounds were isolated and elucidated as dammar-20(21),24-diene-3β,6α,12β-triol (1), dammar-20(22) Z,24-diene-3β,6α,12β-triol (2), and 3-O-[-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-23E,25-diene- 20(S)-protopanoxadiol (3). Conclusion: Compound 1 and 2 was obtained from the plant for the first time. And compound 3 named as majoroside Z is a new triterpenoid saponin.
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Five new polyhydroxylated furostanol saponins were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis, and their structures were determined as tupistrosides J-N (1-5), together with four known furostanol saponins (6-9), on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis. Among them, compounds 3 and 5 showed cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines SW620 with IC values of 72.5 ± 2.4 and 77.3 ± 2.5 μmol·L, respectively. Compound 4 showed cytotoxicity against human cancer cell line HepG2 with IC value of 88.6 ± 2.1 μmol·L.
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Thibetanosides E-H (1-4), four new steroidal constituents including three rare sulfonates (2-4), were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Helleborus thibetanus, together with nine known steroidal compounds (5-13). Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques and chemical evidence. In this study, compounds 2-13 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against HCT116, A549 and HepG2 tumor cell lines in vitro. Among them, compound 8 (thibetanoside C) showed cytotoxicities against A549 cells(IC 39.6 ± 1.9 μmol·L) and HepG2 cells(IC 41.5 ± 1.1 μmol·L), respectively. Compound 9 (23S, 24S)-24-[(O-β-D-fucopyranosyl)oxy]-3β, 23-dihydroxy-spirosta-5, 25(27)-diene-1β-ylO-(4-O-acetyl- α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside) showed cytotoxicity against HCT116 cells(IC 33.6 ± 2.1 μmol·L).
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A sensitive method was proposed for determination of 13 kinds of sulfonylurea herbicides residues in aquatic products by solid phase extraction-ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UPLC-MS/MS). The edible part of carp, penaeus vannamei,crab,clam and sea cucumber were collected and homogenized. Analytes was extracted with ethyl acetate,and then cleaned up by MAX solid phase extraction column. Qualitation of the analytes was achieved with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and the external standard method was used for quantification. The 13 kinds of sulfonylurea herbicides showed good linearity in the concentration range of 5.0-100.0 μg/L respectively. The detection limits of the 13 analytes were 1.0 μg/kg, and the limit of quantification was 2.0 μg/kg. The average recoveries ranged from 75.4% to 118.3% with relative standard deviations from 2.1% to 14.5%. The 13 target analytes were not detected in grass carp,carp,sea cucumber,prawn,turbot of breeding and crabs from the market. The halosulfuron-methyl was detected in the edible tissues of crabs exposed to a 1.0 mg/L halosulfuron-methyl solution for 24,48 and 72 h,and the concentrations were 6.20, 12.1 and 16. 6 μg/kg respectively. The method can be stable and sensitive, and is applied to the determination of 13 kinds of sulfonylurea herbicides residues in aquatic products.
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Objective To explore the actions of vagus nerve in electroacupuncture (EA) with unblocking and regulating needling therapy for the treatment of mammary gland hyperplasia(MGH)with liver stagnation type, and to provide experimental evidences for clinical usage of EA with unblocking and regulating needling therapy. Methods Sixty healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,namely blank control group,model control group,EA group,EA with disconnection of vagus nerve group,and sham-operation EA group,12 rats in each group. Except for the blank control group, the rats in the remaining groups were modeled. After successful establishment of the model of mammary gland hyperplasia (MGH) with liver stagnation type, the rats in EA group with disconnection of vagus nerve were given disconnection of unilateral vagotomy operation, the rats in sham-operation EA group were given sham operation, and EA group had no treatment, and then all of the 3 treatment groups were given EA with unblocking and regulating needling therapy. At the end of the experiment, the diameter and height of rat nipple were measured,the serum contents of estradiol (E2)and progestin (P)in the rats were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA),and the contents of anti-estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)and anti-progesterone receptor(PR)in the rat breast tissue were detected by immunofluorescence double staining and Western blotting method. Results (1)EA treatment can obviously improve the diameter and height of MGH rat nipple, but the therapeutic effect of EA group with disconnection of vagus nerve was not obvious. (2)Compared with the model control group,the levels of serum E2 and mammary ERαwere markedly reduced(P<0.01),and serum P level and mammary PR content were obviously increased in EA group and sham-operation EA group (P < 0.01). However,the above indexes had no obvious changes in EA group with disconnection of vagus nerve (P>0.05). Conclusion The therapeutic mechanism of EA with unblocking and regulating needling therapy for liver-stagnation MGH may be closely related with the regulation of vagus nerve.
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A new phomapyrone derivative (1), and 9 known compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of solid fermentation of Fusarium redolens, the endophytic fungus from Edgeworthia chrysantha, by using various isolation techniques such as Sephadex LH-20, MCI GEL and Semi pre-HPLC, etc. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis, including MS, UV, CD, specific rotation, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, as (+)-7S-4-deoxy-9-hydroxyphomapyrone C (1), uracil (2), uridine (3), 2'-deoxyuridine (4), adenosine (5), 2'-deoxyadenosine (6), cordysinin B (7), ergosterol (8), ergosta-5α, 8β-epidioxy-6, 22-dien-3β-ol (9), and (22E, 24S)-3α-hydroxy-24-methylcholesta-5, 8, 22-trien-7-one (10).
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) can reduce ceramide levels and help cells escape ceramide-induced apoptosis, thus leading to multidrug resistance (MDR). However, its expression and clinical significance in thyroid neoplasms still remain unclear. We aimed to elucidate the expression of GCS and explore its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively investigated GCS protein expression level in tissue specimens obtained from 108 consecutive PTC patients by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>GCS was weakly positive or negative in normal follicular cells, but it was frequently overexpressed in PTC cells. GCS overexpression was associated with primary tumor size, local infiltration, lymph node metastasis, and local recurrence, but not associated with gender, age, pathological variants, tumor multifocality, tumor stage or distant metastasis. Western blotting also showed that GCS protein levels were much higher in PTCs' tissues than in normal thyroid tissues.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GCS was upregulated in PTCs and might be an independent factor affecting prognosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Blotting, Western , Carcinoma , Carcinoma, Papillary , Glucosyltransferases , Genetics , Metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Thyroid Neoplasms , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of electromagnetic pulses (EMP) on pathological changes and apoptosis of spleen lymphocytes in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The male BALB/c mice (18 ∼ 22 g) were sham-exposed or exposed to EMP at 200 kV/m for 400 pulses a day for 7 days. On the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th 28th days after exposure the mice were killed. The weight of mice, the pathological change and the weight of mouse spleens were observed, the spleen indexes were calculated. The lymphocytes extracted from spleens were counted. The apoptosis and cell cycle of the lymphocyte were detected by flow cytometry, and the migration of the lymphocyte was measured by transwell assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No pathological changes were found on the first day after exposure. However, the expanded sinusoid and the changed structure of spleen corpuscle on the 3rd day after exposure were observed. There was no difference of spleen indexes between the sham group and the exposure group on the 1st and 14th day after exposure. On the 3rd and 7th days after exposure, the spleen indexes of exposure group were significantly higher than those of sham-exposure group (P < 0.05). On the 28th day after exposure, the spleen indexes of exposure group was significantly lower than those of sham-exposure group (P < 0.05). The number of spleen lymphocytes on the 3rd and 7th days after exposure in exposure group increased significantly, compared with sham-exposure group (P < 0.05). But there were no differences of apoptotic cells and cellular cycle between the exposure group and sham-exposure group (P > 0.05). The ability of migration of the exposure group was significantly higher than that of sham-exposure group (P < 0.05). than the sham group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The spleen of the male mouse is one of the target organs of EMP. After exposure to EMP, the number of spleen lymphocytes increased. But there were no differences of cell apoptotic cells and cell cycle between the sham group and the exposure group, due to the enhanced migration of lymphocytes induced by EMP.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Apoptosis , Cell Division , Cells, Cultured , Electromagnetic Fields , Lymphocytes , Pathology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Spleen , Cell BiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore multi-drug resistance (MDR) of bladder cancer for the intravesical instillation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using immunohistochemical staining, in 44-case human bladder cancer cells, the expressions of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), glutathione S-transferase (GST-pi) and topoisomerase (TOPO-II), were detected to find out the resistance to drugs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>P-gp had a higher expression in 54.5% cases. GST-pi had no or a lower expression in 65.9% cases. TOPO-II had a higher expression in 29.5% but a lower expression in 65.9% cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Detecting the factors of MDR in bladder cancer cells could help to choose drugs for intravesical chemotherapy.</p>